Doondh ke oos paar

Keya sirf Rashtrapati ke ek adesh se Anushed -35A ko vidhan mein dalna sambhedamik hai ?

by

Daya Sagar

Pichlae kush saloan se  jab bhi mujae kaheen par  THE CONSTITUTION (APPLICATION TO JAMMU AND KASHMIR) ORDER, 1954 C.O 48 of 14 May 1954  ( Presidential order)  ki charcha karnae ki avasheykata  padee hai toe  mujae lagta rahaa hai ki  rashtrapati jee dwara keeyae geyae THE CONSTITUTION (APPLICATION TO JAMMU AND KASHMIR) ORDER, 1954 C.O 48 of 14 May 1954    ki vaidhta  par vaidhanik  aur logical ( tark ki )  drishti  se veechaar karnae ki  avashaykata hai. Aesa lagta hai ki  kaheen bharat ke vidhan ke anushed (Article) -370 mein ooplabdh prabhdanoan ka  eis order ( aadesh)   ko karnae mein anuchit  ya asambhedanik dang se prayog toe nahin keeya geaa hai.  ……..

Snakshipt mein agar kahein to yeh kahaa ja sakta hai ki  anushed -370  ke jin prabhdanoan ka prayog rashtrapati dawara sirf  sadharan exceptions (apbadoan   )  aur  modifications ( oopantaranoan  )  ke leeyae keeya ja sakta hai  oon ka prayog  bharat ke sambhidhan ya sambhidhan ki kush dharoan mein sanshodhan karnae ke leeyae   14 May 1954 ke  eis aadesh mein keeya geyaa tha. Bharat ke vidhan mein  Article -35 ke baad  Article-35 A  ko 1954 mein rashtrapati dawara ek adesh de kar dalna esee shrenee mein  aata hai. Yehee anushed (Article ) -35A jammu Kashmir sambandit kush vishangateoan ka kaaran kahaa ya sakta hai. 

Bharat ke sambhidhan mein Dhara -35A ko ek rashtrapati dawara keeyae geyae  aadesh se dalna  tarak sangat  nahin dikhta . Bo bhi jab eis anushed  dawara aesa prabhdhan keeya ja raha tha jis se  bharat ki anay reayastoan ke nagrikoan ke mool adhikaroan  ( Article-16  right to employment , Article-19 right to property, etc) ka hanan karnae balae kanoon bananae ka adhikaar ek rajay Sarkaar / rajay ki vidaeeka ko deeya ja raha tha. Yeh Article -35A  ke antragat hi hai ki J&K ke Vidhan mein section- 51 (  Qualification of membership of the Legislature )  , section-127 ( Transitional Provisions -  like government services ) , section- 140   (   Elections to the Legislative Assembly / Voting right  ) dalee jaa sakeen  jin ke antragat  jammu Kashmir mein rehnae balae bhartiyae nagrikoan ko  bharat ki anay reeyasatoan mein rahnae balae bhartiyae nagkikoan ki tulna  mein jammu Kashmir mein  kush  vishesh  adhikaar prapt hain  jo  maulik adhikaroan se sambhandit hain.

Saaf aur sadae shabdoan mein agar kahein toe jab bhi  kisee anushed (article) mein koyee clause jodee jaey ya jab bhi kisee article ki kisee clause ( khand) ko kisee doosaree clause  se replace keeya jaey  ya jab bhi koyee neyaa article anushed sambhidhaan mein joda jaeyae  ya kisee article  mein koyee proviso joda jaey toe jakinan  aesa karna sambhidhaan mein  sanshodan karnae jaesa hi hai. Jo shabdabalee rashtrapati dawara 1954 mein keeyae geyae  adesh mein  Article -35 A ko dalnae ke leeyae prayog ki geyee hai bo vidhan mein sanshodahn karnae jaesee hi hai.  Aur Rashtrapati Jee apnae str par Vidhan ke  Article -370  ki (khand ) Clause (1)  ke antrgat  sirf Jammu Kashmir rajay ki sarkaar ki sehmati se vidhan mein sanshodan nahin kar saktae hain. Rashtrapati ji ko sirf  Kendra Sarkaar ke adhikaar balae visheon ko rajay Sarkaar se pramarsh kar ke  namankit karna hota hai aur oon par kanoon Art-370 Clause (1) Sub-Clause (b-i) & (b-ii) ke antragat sansad hee banaa sakti hai. 

Kush dharein  ya  references jis tarah se   THE CONSTITUTION (APPLICATION TO JAMMU AND KASHMIR) ORDER, 1954 C.O 48 of 14 May 1954  mein inkit hain bo jakinan  sambhidhan mein sanshodhan ki shrenee mein aatee dikhtee hain    yo sirf sansad kar saktee thee na ke Rashtrapati Jee.

Where as the expressions like “add” / “substitute” in Article  or In Clause … of Article…..   have been used in the said order.  Article -35  & 35A ; Article -368, Article-7, Article-19, could be quoted for examination.  

Anushed -35A ko bharat ke sambjdhan  ke   anushed -370  ke Khund -1 ke oop khand –d  ke antragat rashtrapati ke aadesh se sambhidhan mein daala geya tha  jo rastrapati jee ko parliament dawara keeyae janae balae kaam karnae ka adhikaar nahin deta hain. Rashtrapati jee ko keval etna hi adhikaar hai ki bo sansad dawra paarit kanoon ko/ sambhidhan ke provisions ( oopvandoan) ko   jammu Kashmir  ke leeyae kush sadharan exceptions (apbaadoan   )  aur  modifications ( oopantaranoan  ) ke saath anakit kar  sakein.  Exceptions (apbadoan   )  aur  modifications ( oopantaranoan  ) ka yeh arth  kadapee nahin ho sakta  ki rashtrpati jee sambhidhaan mein doorgami sanshodan kar sakein ya sambhidhan ke mool sindhantoan  mein fer - badal beena sansad ko vishwaas  mein leeyae  kar sakein.

Aksar yeh kahaa jaata hai ki Jammu Kashmir rajay mein bharat ke nagrikoan ke kush mool adhikaroan  ( Art- 16.1,16.2  ,  19.1 ,  etc )  ka hanan sirf eis leeyae hota hai ki jammu Kashmir rajay ka ek alag vidhan hai par aesa kehna poori tarah tarak sangat nahin hai keon ki aesa karnae ka adhikaar Bharat ke sambhidhan mein  rashtrapati ke ek adesh  se Anushed     35-A ko daal kar  sambhidhan ke antragat deeya geyaa hai. Yadee  Art-35 A nahin hota to  jammu Kashmir ki sambhidaan sabha  vidhan mein  Section-51 ( Candidature for J&K Legislature) , Section- 127 ( employment in J&K government institutions and Section-140 ( voter eligibility for Assembly Elections)  jaesae prabhdaan nahin rakh saktee. Eis leeya jammu Kashmir ki sambhidaan sabha ya jammu Kashmir ke vidan  par arop lagana theek nahin hai. Yadee Art-35A na hota toe bharat ke kush nagrikoan ko jo jammu Kashmir  ke permanent resident  na hoan ko jammu Kashmir Sarkaar mein  naukari lenae , jammu Kashmir mein sampati khareedanein aur yahaan ki assembly mein vote dalnae ka adhikaar na dena sambhav nahin hota.

Eis leeyae jo visangatiyaan  Article -35A ko  rashtrapati jee ke adesh dwara dalnae se ootput huyee hain oon ko bharat ke sambhidhaan ke mool seedhantaon ke pratikool kahaa ja sakta hai. Eis par vidhee ke visheshageon  aur anay veecharkoan ko vichaar karna chahiyae keon ki jis dang se Anushed -35A ko dalaa geyaa hai bo bharat ke vidhan mein sanshodhan karnae jaesae hi lagta hai. It has remained unquestioned for over 6 decades

This  could be seen as unconstitutional since Constitution of India can not be amended  by a Presidential order under Article -370 but can be amended only under  the provisions and procedure as laid down in Article 368 of COI.  Although enough damage has been done to the Interests of India Nation as well as citizens of India but still the corrections, if needed, could be got constitutionally applied.

Even Article-368 of Constitution of India  appears to have been  unconstitutionally amended  in the said Presidential Order. So strangely the amendments made to Constitution have been concealed from ‘general audit’ by not mentioning the same in the text of editions of main constitution and the amendments have been mentioned in the Appendix-1 {Constitution ( (application to Jammu and Kashmir ) Order 1954} and the Appendix-II (  Re-statement, with reference to the present text of the Constitution, of the exceptions and modifications subject to which the Constitution applies to the State of Jammu and Kashmir  ) .The result has been that there may be some people even in the legal profession as well who  have not that seriously taken notice of these facts  and such amendments all these years.

Par  keon ki sirf  rashtrapati ji ke ek adesh dawra  bharat ke   sambhidahan mein Art 35A ko dalna  aur  Anushed -368  mein ek   Proviso  jodna serious Vishay hain  eis leeyae meinae  apnee  samaj ( humble wisdom) ke anusaar ein visheshageon  ke bharat kea am nagrik aur vidhee visheshageon ke samnae rakhnae ki koshish ki hai.

May be with more  expert /legal  review of the contents  of the orders like Constitution ( Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order 1954  a case could be made  for approaching the Hon’ble SC of  India praying for applying corrections. It could be prayed for review before the Hon’ble Apex Court  that  in case even an amendment  (  s.55 of Constitution Forty Second Amendment Act 1976 ) by Parliament of India   by way of adding Clause -4   and Clause-5  to Art 368 is against the basic spirit of COI (These section have  been declared invalid by the Supreme Court in Minerva Mills Ltd. and Others Vs. Union of India and Others (1980) 2 S.C.C. 591.) , then why is not Art 35A of Constitution of India  against the basic structure of Constitution of India since amendment of Constitution adding Article-35A  has not been under Article -368 but by a simple Presidential Order.

(Daya Sagar is a social activist and Senior Coloumnist J&K affairs dayasagr45@yahoo.com 09419796096)